https://journals.econsciences.com/index.php/TER <p>^{TER (ISSN: 2149-0414) is published as four issues per year, March, June, September and December and all publication policies and processes are conducted according to the international standards. TER is an international, double-blind peer-reviewed, quarterly, open-access journal published by the Journals. TER accepts and publishes the research articles in the fields of economics, fiscal economics, applied economics, business economics, labour economics and econometrics etc. TER, without depending on any institution or organisation, is a non-profit journal that has an International Editorial Board specialists on their fields. TER is an open Access Journal. Papers which are inappropriate to its scientific purpose, scope and fields are kindly rejected. It strictly depends on the scientific principles, rules and ethical framework that are required to this qualification. <strong>Continuous Publication Model:</strong> Econsciences Journals is published under the continuous publication model.}</p> EconSciences Library en-US Turkish Economic Review 2149-0414 <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="license"><img style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a><br />This article licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="license"> Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (4.0)</a> https://journals.econsciences.com/index.php/TER/article/view/2742 <p>This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted role of private sector debt instruments within the framework of structured financing. It analyzes how various financial vehicles—including corporate bonds, bank loans, and complex structured products like Asset-Backed Securities (ABS) and Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs)—facilitate capital allocation, risk redistribution, and liquidity across diverse economic sectors.The study highlights a dualistic impact: while these instruments catalyze economic growth by financing infrastructure, innovation, and small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs), they also introduce significant systemic vulnerabilities. Key findings suggest that structured financing enhances market efficiency through risk tranching and the use of Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs), yet often suffers from opacity and complexity that can mask underlying asset deterioration. Furthermore, the paper explores the evolving role of private debt funds as critical alternative credit providers in the post-2008 regulatory environment. It also addresses the ethical dimensions of debt covenants and the necessity of robust regulatory frameworks, such as Basel III, to maintain financial stability. Ultimately, the research postulates that a nuanced balance between financial innovation and diligent supervision is essential to leveraging private debt for sustainable economic progress.</p> <p><strong>JEL.</strong> G23; G12; G32.</p> Abdullah GÜNAL Copyright (c) 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2026-10-18 2026-10-18 13 2 2742 10.65810/ter.2742 https://journals.econsciences.com/index.php/TER/article/view/2744 <p>Satisfactory and mutually beneficial relationships between multinational corporations and individual nation-states are sustainable as long as their perceived shared interests exceed any conflicts of interest. However, when events, or actions intentionally taken by either side or dictated by circumstances, alter an acceptable balance between the shared- and conflicts of interest, a good business relationship can deteriorate fast to the detriment of one or both sides. Thus, shared-interests cannot be assumed to continue over the long-range without consistent efforts by both sides to maintain them and, in the meantime, keep conflicts of interest within a tolerable level. This paper explores the factors that contribute to sustaining shared interests and containing conflicts of interest between multinational corporations and nation-states in order to avoid a deteriorations or possible disruption of an otherwise mutually beneficial relationship. Of the questions to be addressed are: what strategies and actions can help in strengthening the shared interests, and what actions and policy changes contribute to an increase in the conflicts of interest between nation-states and multinational corporations?</p> <p><strong>JEL.</strong> F23, G18, G38.</p> Hany H. MAKHLOUF Copyright (c) 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2026-10-18 2026-10-18 13 2 2744 https://journals.econsciences.com/index.php/TER/article/view/2743 <p>This open-access edited volume, part of the "China and Globalization" series, explores the necessity for new concepts, initiatives, and relationships to reform the current system of global governance. The book contends that the existing international institutions, such as the Bretton Woods system and the United Nations, must be updated to address challenges like rapid technological advancements, radical shifts in the distribution of power (from West to East and North to South), climate change, and geopolitical instability. The book is a collection of essays contributed by current and former members of a wide range of international organizations, including UN agencies, multinational banks, and NGOs, aiming to provide innovative and sometimes alternative perspectives on global governance. It is structured into three main parts: New Concepts in Global Governance, New Initiatives of Growth and Development, and New Relations for Peoples and Governments. Key themes include reforming the UN to be "Fit for Purpose", China's role in global development through institutions like the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the New Development Bank (NDB) , re-imagining the international trading system , and leveraging China's experience in green development and technology for global good. The overall message is a call for networked multilateralism, emphasizing cooperation, inclusiveness, and the need for a global community to work together like a "family" to resolve shared crises.</p> <p><strong>JEL.</strong> F13; F50; O19; Q01; P16.</p> Xiulan Yan LI Copyright (c) 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2026-10-18 2026-10-18 13 2 2743