Impact of Corporate Governance on Diversification in Finance Companies: Evidence from Malaysia
PDF

How to Cite

KALLAMU, B. S. (2016). Impact of Corporate Governance on Diversification in Finance Companies: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Economics Bibliography, 3(1), 108–122. https://doi.org/10.1453/jeb.v3i1.624

Abstract

Abstract. The board of directors performs a very important role in formulating and monitoring the strategy of a company. Recent development in technology and the change in business environment as well as change in the nature of demand by customers has necessitated the change in the products and services offered by finance companies. Based on data from finance companies listed on Bursa Malaysia over the period 2007 to 2011 this paper examined the impact of board attributes and ownership structure on the corporate strategy of finance companies in Malaysia. The result indicates that expertise of directors and past performance is significant and negatively related with diversification. The study contributes to the literature on corporate governance of finance companies in relation to their diversification strategy and has highlighted the corporate governance mechanisms and regulatory measures appropriate for the sector in order to enhance monitoring so as to achieve sustainable economic development.

Keywords. Board attributes, ownership structure, diversification strategy, finance companies.

JEL. E62, H54, O40.

https://doi.org/10.1453/jeb.v3i1.624
PDF

References

Acharya, V.V., Saunders, A., & Hasan, I. (2002). The effect of focus and diversification on bank risk and return: Evidence from individual bank loan portfolios. CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3252.

Aguilera, R.V., Desender, K.A., & De Castro, L.R.K. (2011). A configurational approach to comparative corporate governance, SAGE Handbook of Corporate Governance: New York: Sage Publications.

Al Mamun, A., Yasser, Q.R., & Rahman, M.A. (2013). A discussion of the suitability of only one vs more than one theory for depicting corporate governance. Modern Economy, 4(1), 37-48. doi. 10.4236/me.2013.41005

Andres, A.P., & Vallelado, E. (2008). Corporate governance in banking: the role of board of directors. Journal of Banking and Finance, 32(12), 2570-2580. doi. 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2008.05.008

Ataullah, A., Davidson, I., Le, H., & Wood, G. (2012). Corporate diversification, information asymmetry and insider trading. British Journal of Management, 25(2), 228-251. doi. 10.1111/j.1467-8551.2012.00846.x

Barney, J. (2009). Corporate scandals, executive compensation, and international corporate governance convergence: A U.S.-Australia case study. Available at: http://works.bepress.com/jacob_barney/1 retrieved on 14/04/2012.

Bazdresch, S., & Werner, A.M. (2000). Contagion of international financial crisis: the case of Mexico. Available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMACRO/Resources/BazdreschWerner.pdf. Accessed on 23/04/2012.

Becht, M., Bolton, P., & Roell, A. (2011). Why bank corporate governance is different, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 27(3), 437-463. doi. 10.1093/oxrep/grr024

Boyd, J.H., & Graham, S.L. (1988). The profitability and risk effects of allowing bank holding companies to merge with other financial firms: A simulation study. Quarterly Review, 12(2), 3-20.

Boyd, J.H., Graham, S.L., & Hewitt, R.S. (1993). Bank holding company mergers with non-bank financial firms: Effects on the risk of failure. Journal of Banking and Finance, 17(1), 43-63. doi. 10.1016/0378-4266(93)90079-S

Carcello, J.V., Hermanson, D.R., & Ye, Z.S. (2011). Corporate governance research in insights, practice implications, and future research directions. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 30(3), 1-31.

Chen, C-J. & Yu, C-M. J. 2012. Managerial ownership, diversification, and firm performance: Evidence from an emerging market. International Business Review, 21(3), 518–534. doi. 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.06.002

Chenhall, R., & Moers, F. (2007). Endogeneity: A reply to two different perspectives. European Accounting Review. 16(1), 217-221. doi. 10.1080/09638180701269913

DeYoung, R. & Roland, K.P. (2001). Product mix and earnings volatility at commercial banks: Evidence from degree of total leverage model. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 10(1), 54-84. doi. 10.1006/jfin.2000.0305

Erkens, D., Hung, M., & Matos, P.P. (2012). Corporate governance in the recent financial crisis: Evidence from financial institutions worldwide. Journal of Corporate Finance,18(2), 389-411. doi. 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2012.01.005

Economic Planning Unit. (2011). The Malaysian Economy in Figures. Retrieved from http://www.epu.gov.my.

Ezzamel, M., & Watson, R. (2005). Boards of directors and the role of non-executive Directors in the governance of corporation. In Keasey, K., Thompson, S. & Wright, M. Corporate governance: Accountability, enterprise and international comparisons (pp. 97-115). West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

Fulghieri, P., & Hodrick, L.S. (2006). Synergies and internal agency conflicts: The double-edged sword of mergers, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 15(3), 549-576.

Ghazali, N.A.M. (2010). Ownership structure, corporate governance and corporate performance in Malaysia. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 20(2), 109-119. doi. 10.1108/10569211011057245

Gopinath, S. (2008). Corporate governance in the Indian banking industry. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 5(3), 186-204. doi. 10.1057/jdg.2008.8

Gordon, J.N. (2010). Executive compensation and corporate governance in financial firms: the case for convertible equity based-pay. Colombia Law and Economics Working paper, No. 373. doi. 10.2139/ssrn.1633906

Gordon, J.N., & Muller, C. (2010). Confronting financial crisis: Dodd_Frank’s danger and the case for systematic emergency insurance fund. Columbia Law and economics working paper No. 374. doi. 10.2139/ssrn.1636456

Graham, J.R., Lemmon, M.L. & Wolf, J.G. (2002). Does corporate diversification destroy value? The Journal of Finance, 57(2), 695-720. doi. 10.1111/1540-6261.00439

Guner, A.B., Malmendier, U., & Tate, G. (2008). Financial expertise of directors. Journal of Financial Economics, 88(2), 323-354. doi. 10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.05.009

Gupta, A., Otley, D., & Young, S. (2008). Does superior firm performance lead to higher quality outside directorship? Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 21(7), 907-932. doi. 10.1108/09513570810907410

Haniffa, R., & Hudaib, M. (2006). Corporate governance structure and performance of Malaysian Listed companies, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 33(7-8), 1034-1062. doi. 10.1111/j.1468-5957.2006.00594.x.

Hillman, A.J. (2005). Politicians on the board of directors: Do connections affect the bottom line? Journal of Management, 31(3), 464-481. doi. 10.1177/0149206304272187

Hillman, A.J., & Dalziel, T. (2003). Boards of directors and firm performance: Integrating agency and resource dependence perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 28(3), 383–396.

Hillman, A.J., Withers, M.C., & Collins, B.J. (2009). Resource dependence theory: A review. Journal of Management, 35(6), 1404–1427. doi. 10.1177/0149206309343469

Hillman, A.J., Cannell, A.A., & Paetzold, R.L. (2000). The resource dependence role of corporate directors: Strategic adaptation of board composition in response to environmental change. Journal of Management Studies, 37(2), 235-255. doi. 10.1111/1467-6486.00179

Jensen, M.C., & Meckling, W.H. (1976). Theory of firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360. doi. 10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X

Jones, D. (2000). Emerging problems with the Basel capital accord: Regulatory capital arbitrage and related issues. Journal of Banking and Finance, 24(1-2), 35-58. doi. 10.1016/S0378-4266(99)00052-7

Khadaroo, M.I. (2005). An institutional theory perspective on the UK’s private finance initiative (PFI) accounting standard setting process. Public Management Review, 7(1), 69-94. doi. 10.1080/1471903042000339428

Kim, P.K., & Rasiah, D. (2010). Relationship between corporate governance and bank performance in Malaysia during the pre and post Asian financial crisis. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 21, 39-63.

Laeven, L., & Levine, R. (2008). Bank governance, regulation and risk taking. Journal of Financial Economics, 93(2), 259-275. doi. 10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.09.003

Lang, J.R. & Lockhart, D.E. (1990). Increased environmental uncertainty and changes in board linkages patterns. Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 106–128. doi. 10.2307/256354

Leuz, C., & Wysocki, P. (2008). Economic consequences of financial reporting and disclosure regulation: A review and suggestions for future research. doi. 10.2139/ssrn.1105398

Lynall, M., Golden, B.R., & Hillman, A.J. (2003). Board composition from adolescence to maturity: A multi-theoretical view. Academy of Management Review, 28(3), 416–431. doi. 10.5465/AMR.2003.10196743

Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (revised, 2007) available at http://www.sc.com.my

Mercieca, S., Schaeck, K., & Wolfe, S. (2007). Small European banks: benefits from diversification? Journal of Banking and Finance, 31(7), 1975-1998. doi. 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2007.01.004

Minton, B.A., Taillard, J.P.A., & Williamson, R. (2011). Do independence and financial expertise of board matter for risk taking and performance. Fisher college Working Paper, No 2010-03-014.

Mohamad, W.I.A., & Sulong, Z. (2010). Corporate governance mechanisms and extent of disclosure: Evidence from listed companies in Malaysia. International Business Research, 3(4), 216-228. doi. 10.5539/ibr.v3n4p216

Mokhtar, S.M., Sori, Z.M., Abdul Hamid, M.A., Zainal Abidin, Z., Nasir, A.M., Yaacob, A.S., Mustafa, H., Daud., Z.M., & Muhamad, S. (2009). Corporate governance practices and firms performance: The Malaysian case. Journal of Money, Investment and Banking, 11, 45-59.

Moosa, I. (2008). Anatomy of the subprime financial crisis. Monash Business Review, 4(1), 1-7.

Park, K., & Jang, S. (2013). Effects of within-industry diversification and related diversification strategies on firm performance. diversification strategies on. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 51-60. doi. 10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.02.009

Pathon, S. (2009). Strong boards, CEO power and bank risk-taking. Journal of Banking and Finance, 33(7), 1340-1350. doi. 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2009.02.001

Pfeffer, J. (1972). Size and composition of corporate boards of directors. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17, 218-229.

Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G.R. (1978). The external control of organizations: A resource dependency perspective. New York: Harper and Row.

Praptiningsih, M. (2009). Corporate governance and performance of banking firms: Evidence from Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and Malaysia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 11(1), 94-108.

Pugliese, A., Minichilli, A., & Zattoni, A. (2014). Integrating agency and resource dependence theory: Firm profitability, industry regulation and board task performance. Journal of Business Research, 67(6), 1189-1200. doi. 10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.05.003

Pugliese, A., Bezemer, P-J., Zattoni, A., Huse, M., Van den Bosch., F.A.J., & Volberda, H.W. (2009). Boards of directors’ contribution to strategy: A literature review and research agenda. Corporate Governance: An International Review,17(3), 292-306. doi. 10.1111/j.1467-8683.2009.00740.x

Raber, R.W. (2003). The role of good corporate governance in overseeing risk. Corporate Governance Advisor, 11(2), 11-16.

Rose, P.S. (1989). Diversification of banking firm. The Financial Review, 24(2), 251-280. doi. 10.1111/j.1540-6288.1989.tb00342.x

Saunders, A., & Walters, I. (1994). Universal banking in United States: What could we gain? What could we lose? New York, Oxford University Press.

Stiroh, K. (2004). Diversification in banking: is noninterest income the answer? Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 36(5), 853-882.

Stiroh, K. (2006). New evidence on the determinants of bank risk. Journal of Financial service Research, 30, 237-263.doi. 10.1007/s10693-006-0418-5

Stiroh, K.J., & Rumble, A. (2006). The dark side of diversification: The case of US financial holding companies. Journal of Banking and Finance, 30(8), 2131-2161. doi. 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2005.04.030

Sufian, F. (2010). The impact of risk on technical and scale efficiency; empirical evidence from the China banking sector. International Journal of Business Performance Management, 12(1), 37-71. doi. 10.1504/IJBPM.2010.036041

Sufian, F., & Habibullah, M.S. (2013). Banks’ total factor productivity growth in a developing Economy: Does globalization matter? Journal of International Development. doi. 10.1002/jid.2897.

Tao, N.B. & Hutchinson, M. (2013). Corporate governance and risk management committee: The role of risk management and compensation committees. Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, 9, 83–99. doi. 10.1016/j.jcae.2013.03.003

Thillainathan, R. (1999). Corporate governance and restructuring in Malaysia: A review of markets, agents and legal infrastructure. Joint World bank/OECD Paper Available at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/24/1931380.pdf. Accessed 22/01/2012.

Walter, I., & Saunders, A. (2011). Financial architecture, systematic risk and universal banking. doi. 10.2139/ssrn.1953326

Westman, H. (2011). The impact of management and board ownership on profitability in banks with different strategies. Journal of Banking and Finance, 35(12), 3300-3318. doi. 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.05.013

Zahra, S.A., & Pearce, J.A. (1989). Boards of directors and corporate financial performance: A review and integrative model. Journal of Management, 15(2), 291-334. doi. 10.1177/014920638901500208

Creative Commons License
This article licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (4.0)

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.