Abstract
Abstract. The COP21 process targets decarbonisation in three steps during the 21rst century. First the augmentation of CO2:s is to be halted. Next the 40 per cent reduction is to be implemented somehow until 2030. Finally, there is a hope for a carbon free economy at the end of this century. But how about energy? When we speak about the anthropocentric emissions of greenhouse gases, then we are in reality referring to the production and consumption of energy. Energy in a wide sense is vital for the operations of social systems, as energy is the capacity to do work. Without energy, no economic output or GDP. The COP21 Agreement calls for an energy revolution during this century, replacing traditional renewables and fossil fuels with modern renewables that are carbon free. But how could this be achieved in the many poor countries in the world?
Keywords. COP21, global energy transformation, GHG or CO2, implementation of COP21, Superfund (Stern), traditional and modern renewables, fossil fuel dependency.
JEL. N70, O13, P28.References
BP Energy Outlook (2016). [Retrieved from].
Energy Information Administration. Washington, DC.
EU Joint Research Centre Emission Database for Global Atmospheric
International Energy Agency. Paris. [Retrieved from].
Heller, J. (2011). Catch 22. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Mazmanian, D.A. & Sabatier, P.A. (1989). Implementation and Public Policy. Lanham, MD: UPA.
OECD National Accounts data files
Pressman, J. & Wildavsky, A. (1984). Implementation. Berkeley: University of Cal Press.
Ramesh, J. (2015). Green Signals: Ecology, Growth and Democracy in India (2015). Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Sabatier, P.A. (1988). An advocacy coalition framework of policy change and the role of policy-oriented learning therein. Policy Sciences, 21(2), 129-168. doi. 10.1007/BF00136406
Sachs, J. (2015). Sustainable development for humanity’s future. [Retrieved from].
Stern, N. (2007) The Economics of Climate Change. Oxford: OUP.
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change – [Retrieved from].
Wildavsky, A. (1987) Speaking Truth to Power. Piscataway: Transaction.
World Bank national accounts data - data.worldbank.org
World Resources Institute CAIT Climate Data Explorer – [Retrieved from].
